Independent R&D · South Korea · Est. 2025

Early Wildfire
Detection via UAV

PyroSentinel is an independent research and development project building a drone-based wildfire early detection system — integrating LWIR thermal imaging, onboard inference, and real-time ground alerting.

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System Concept · Rev. 3
GROUND LEVEL HOTSPOT UAV PLATFORM GROUND STATION ALT. LWIR FOV

01 —

System Overview

01.A
Aerial Sensing Platform

A multi-rotor UAV platform equipped with a stabilised LWIR thermal camera for continuous wide-area patrol. Designed for fully autonomous waypoint missions over designated high-risk forest zones.

01.B
Thermal Detection Engine

LWIR thermal imagery is processed onboard to identify anomalous heat signatures indicative of early-stage ignition — before visible smoke or flame is detectable by conventional sensors.

01.C
Ground Alert System

GPS-tagged detection events are transmitted in real-time to a ground station, enabling rapid human-in-the-loop verification and escalation to fire response services.

LWIRSensor Modality
256×192Thermal Resolution
25 HzFrame Rate
< 5 minTarget Alert Latency

02 —

Background & Motivation

Wildfire frequency and severity have increased markedly across East Asia over the past decade. In South Korea, the spring of 2025 saw the largest wildfire outbreak in recorded national history, with multiple simultaneous fires across Gyeongbuk province burning for several days and displacing thousands of residents.

The critical window for suppression is the first 10–20 minutes after ignition. Conventional detection methods — ground-based observation towers, manned patrol aircraft, and satellite imagery — are constrained by terrain, visibility conditions, and revisit intervals that frequently exceed this window.

PyroSentinel addresses this gap by deploying low-cost autonomous UAVs capable of continuous thermal surveillance over at-risk zones. By detecting heat anomalies before visible flame develops, the system aims to compress detection-to-alert time to under five minutes — enabling faster mobilisation of ground response teams.

The project is currently in the component evaluation and prototype development phase, with field testing planned for late 2025.

2025Largest wildfire event in South Korean recorded history — Gyeongbuk province
10–20 minCritical suppression window after initial ignition
< 50 mKThermal sensitivity (NETD) of target sensor — enabling detection of early heat anomalies
24 / 7Target operational availability — day, night, and through light smoke conditions

03 —

Technical Approach

Passive Thermal Infrared Imaging

Uncooled LWIR microbolometer technology detects thermal radiation in the 8–14 μm band, enabling passive detection without illumination — effective in total darkness and through light smoke, where RGB cameras fail.

Autonomous Patrol Routing

Pre-programmed waypoint missions provide systematic coverage over designated high-risk areas. Mission logic accounts for sensor recalibration cycles, ensuring continuous valid imagery throughout patrol duration.

Onboard Anomaly Detection

A lightweight detection model runs on edge compute hardware colocated with the imaging system. Onboard inference reduces dependency on uplink bandwidth and enables faster event response without round-trip latency.

Real-Time Ground Telemetry

Detection events are packaged with GPS coordinates, timestamp, and thermal thumbnail and transmitted to a ground station over a dedicated RF link. An operator interface presents alerts in real time for human verification.

Design Note
A key engineering consideration is the management of the thermal camera’s periodic recalibration cycle — a brief interval during which the sensor interrupts imaging. PyroSentinel addresses this through mission-aware scheduling: the UAV autonomously modulates flight behaviour during recalibration intervals to maintain spatial continuity of thermal coverage across the patrol area.

04 —

Target Specifications

Thermal Imaging Sensor

Detector TypeUncooled VOx LWIR
Spectral Range8 – 14 μm
Resolution256 × 192 px
Pixel Pitch12 μm
Thermal Sensitivity (NETD)< 50 mK
Frame Rate25 Hz
Temperature Range−20 °C to 550 °C
Module Dimensions13.2 × 13.2 × 8.75 mm

UAV Platform (Target)

ConfigurationQuadrotor / Hexrotor
Flight Endurance≥ 30 min per sortie
Operating Altitude50 – 200 m AGL
NavigationGPS / GLONASS
Edge ComputeUnder evaluation
Data LinkDedicated RF (TBD)
Operating ConditionsDay / Night / Light smoke
Deployment ModeAutonomous patrol

05 —

Development Status

Phase 01 · Complete
Feasibility & Requirements Study
Phase 02 · Complete
Sensor Technology Survey
Phase 03 · Active
Component Procurement & Evaluation
Phase 04 · Planned
Hardware Integration & Lab Testing
Phase 05 · Planned
Field Prototype & Validation

Get in Touch

We are currently in the component procurement and evaluation phase. We welcome enquiries from thermal sensor manufacturers, module suppliers, and technology partners interested in supporting or collaborating on the project.

planiitske@gmail.com
ProjectPyroSentinel — UAV-Based Wildfire Early Detection
TypeIndependent R&D · Prototype Development
LocationSouth Korea
Current PhaseComponent Evaluation & Procurement
Sensor InterestLWIR Thermal Imaging Module — single evaluation unit
Emailplaniitske@gmail.com